Metal reinforcement for building purposes.



H. FERREB. METAL REINFORGEMBNT FOR BUILDING PURPOSES. APPLICATION FILED JANJIS. 1908. 938,326, Patented Apr.4,1911.

2 BHBETS*SHEET l.

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H. FERRER. METAL REINFORGEMBN'I. FOR BUILDING PURPOSES. A PPLIATION FILED JArLz 190s.

988,326. Patented Apr. 4, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE-6 HAROLD FERREE, O F SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

METAL REINFORCEMENT FOR BUILDING PURPOSES.

essae.

i and'fState of California, have-invented a new 'and 'useful-Metal Reinforcement for Building Purposes, of whichfthe following is a specificationf'in such full and clear terms as willlenable lthose skilled in the art to'construct andnse the same.

invention 'relates 'to an expanded n'etal lused for reinforcing concrete and other plastic materials used in building of houses,'b ridges and any other structures lof that`- character. l

The0 object. of the invention is to produce a girdr that may be made in the shop and which may be erected in the field with the y least possible expense, each girder being so 2 0 related to every other girder, or stud, for

precisely the same reinforcement is used in Wallslfor columns, as to make it possible to joinfany number together and form a complete structure ready for the placement of the materials which are to form the body of the wall, floor slab,

case may be.

Another object of the invention is to make it possibleto use a vvery light form for the reception of the concrete where concrete is to be vused ,and to make said form of such cheap material asy to make it possible to leave it on the wall, or in the wall as the f; case may be, for it is intended that this mapost or column as the -jterial shall be used .where it is desired to build hollow Walls to prevent them from sweating.

Another' object of the invention is to make a wall that will be so easily secured together 40 and taken apart that it will be possible for men of other trades than the one putting up the Wall to open that portion of the wall necessary for the lacement of piping and 4 conduits of all kin s. The particular means used for this purpose consists of a fastening for the various sections of the wall which is locked by the driving of a nail into a hook in one of the wall members, no l'clenching or v other actbeing required'. Another object of the invention is to make val reinforcement that will, in the case of girders,-. have the material connecting the top; and rbottom members of the girders so placed as to meet every possible stress placed on the material of which the compression l partof the girder is made.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Application ledJanuary 28, 1908.

Patented-Apr. 4, 1911.

Serial No. 412,983.

.Another object of the invention is to provide means for reinforcing the material of which the forms are made at such points as may be necessary to prevent the ramming of the concrete from breaking the material and allowing the concrete 'to spill out of -thev form. The materials of which the forms are made may be'heavy paper board, close wire cloth,or even a cheap fabric such as jute or gunny cloth. i

Another object of the invention is to makean .expanded metal that is capable of fabri-J cation into a number of forms to give an desired strength to the reinforcement use and to make the reinforcement self support` mg when the same is erected thereby doingaway with the necessity of the erection of expensive wooden forms to hold the concrete or other plastic material in place while the same is setting. v In the drawings, in which the same nuf'v meral is applied to the same part throughout, Figure 1 is a plan of the metal used in making one of the members of a Wall, Fig. 2 is a side elevation of two of such members in place and secured together, one showing a plaster carrying surface invone square thereof, Fig. 3 is an edge view of one of said members showing the means used for securing another to it, Fig. 4 isa plan view of two of said wall members and a part 0f a third, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the same wall showing the means used for holding the forms in place during the setting of the-concrete, Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the spacing bars used for the pur ose of holding the centering at the desired c istance from the material making up the reinforcement, Fig. 6 isa plan view of an expanded metal wall, the several members of which are secured together by driving nails under a loop, as illustrated in Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is a sectional'view of the locking means used for metal partitions, Fig. 8 is aplan of the metal showing the form of the cuts wherel other forms of girders are to be produced, Fig. 9 is a plan of a floor slab using the v metal shown in Fig. 8, and lla-ving an additional beam running from one deep beam to another, Fig. l0 is an edge view of the iloor slab in the direction of the arrow and show-Av ing the end of the shallow beam, Fig. 11 is an edge 'View of the Vfloor slab in the direction of the arrow and showing the shallow beam in side elevation, Fig. 12 is 'an edge view of a deep beam showing-how thesame;

. close enough to allow the same to come with cutting may be modified when it isgdesred to have a greaternumberof tension members in the bottom of a beam. y

' The form of the expanded metal shown in Figs. .1 to 5 inclusive is best adapted for use in a wall. j It has the heavy stud members 1 and 2 which are joined by vmeans of the members 3. Itwill be observed that if the` is expanded in the plane of saidmembers,

while the metal forming the other part of the structure is expanded by pulling the parts at ninety degrees with the plane of the sheet from which the metal is vslitted. If Fig. 1v is examined it will be noted that on each "side of the members 1 and 2 there are several series of members which repeat one.

above the other. The member 4l is a pointed member tapering out at a point near the stud 2, the next member 5 is a parallelogram which is connected with thestud at 8 and which is connected with the member 6 at 9, said member 6 being connected` near its `lower end with the pointed member 7 and also withl the member 5 lof the series below rand of which it is the direct extension. Now

when the slitted material is pulled at ninetyl degrees with the plane of the plate it will be noted that the member 5 may be pulled down till it is horizontal, as shown in Fig. 2, and the member 6 will move' in a plane parallel with the plane of the member 2. When the metal has been expanded the two pointed members 4 and' will then be'left free and will be formed into'hooks, one of which passes in front ofthe adjoining stud member 2 and the other of which is bent into a hook which passes to the rear of the stud 2, but it will be noted that as the distance between the two members 4 and 7 is less than the width of thestud 2 and that the face of the wall is tobe as nearly in one plane as it is possible tomake it, it will be necessary to notch the `stud 2 at 12 to allow the hook 7 to pass in the plane of the adjacent horizontal mem ber 5, and since the hook 4 will not be in the same plane as the back of the stud-member 2 it will be bent slightly at an angle with the vertical and its face will incline from the general plane vof the wall as shown in Fig.' 4. The object of this construction is to provide means for securing'the sections of studding together without any other .means than a hammer and a nail.

dles have been putin place.

Thenail 13 is driven. into the hook 7 and as it passes into the 'hook 4 the fact that'said hook is slightly out of line with the hook-7 causesr it to force the nail intol a bent yposition which secures the nail firmly in place with no other means than the hammer used to drive the nail in. ,It

can7 of course,'be pulled out without very ordinary wall is opened and where it rev `quiresa person having the skill of that 'tradeV to lagain place the wall in condition for lprogressing to the next step of the work.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is shown a wall composed of thin sheets which are secured together by means of a loop 14 and a hole in the adjacent plate. The hole in the plate is punched so that its edges flare as shown at 15 and 16, the

object being to cause the nail with .which the two .sets of plates are secured to clench. in

the same way as is done with the nail 13 in the form of the invention shown in Fig. 4.

In F ig.v 5 there is shown the formsused for the purpose of making the wall com` plete without the use of supports other than that of the metal in the wall. The material of which these forms may be made will drepend on circumstance, but it is intended to use f any fabric likematerial that may 'be cheap enough, such for example as 'gunny sacking,.heavy paper or straw board, galsx vanized iron, or any other suitable material.- The foriis are held in place by means of the needles 17 which are simply narrow pieces of sheetA metal which have slits punched in them at the desired. intervals. To prevent them from being displaced when the kconcrete is being placed in the wall they are bentso 'as .to conform to the bars 5 at 18 and they have a tongue 19 which is pulled.l or bent up close to said bars 5 when the nee'- Since the weight of the material will press against the fabric and tend to burst it, the wires 20 are laced'thro-ugh the slits in the needles and run the entire heightof the wall, and the fabric or sheet metal isl held in place-against the wires by means'of a nail-21. If necessary additional wires may be laced'over the outside' of the wall at will,rusing the pro .the form securely in position. It is very necessary to provide means for producing a.

creased by making the wall with thespace show-n for the reason that as the position of the'material recedes from. thel center of the structure its strength increases. In Fig'. 4 it will be noted that there are 'additional members 6', 6 and 6', which may be made tn giye the'face of the .wall ad- 4ditior'la'l strength" as desired. This effect is fotll'ned yb'y'lttnttin'g the metal as shown in tent that may be deemed necessary, 'so long; as the finallcut produces the pointed hook 72 Fig48, and it maybe repeated to 'any ex-y InFig. 8 is-shown a formof' metal cutl i i ting fwhich is'used when beams are t be made after thejmeta'l has beenexpanded. It will be notedthat this form of the invention has the `heavy `bars 25,26 and 27 connected by means of the members 28 and 29'. On

A vthe left hand side of Fig. 8, there will be noted the members 30, 31,'32,33 and 34, to the latter of which lis secured the hook -This hook 354 is for the purpose of connecting one side of the beam with the other side in orderthat the side strains of the slabsl may beprope'rly takenup across the top of the beam. To connect one beam with an other of the set ,the expanded metal may -be made to extend to a greater distance from A vthe beam than is the case with the first form of invention the members 35, a vertical, 36, a horizontal, 37 a vertical, 38` a horizontal, 39 avhorizontal extending in a horizontal plane at right angles with the beam, 40 a horizontal extending in a plane parallel with the direction. of length of the beam, 41 similar to 39,' 42 similar to 40, 43 similar to 41, 44 simi-A lar to 42, and 45 which is turned down inte a hook, are formed in the metal the form of cut to make such a structure being shown at the right of Fig. 8. It may be possible that still another beam will be necessary to connect one set of beams with the other and this beam is shown at 46 in Fig. 11. It may also be necessary to increase the amount of material in the bottom of the beam and this is done by raising one-of the long-members as shown at 47 at the right hand end of Fig. 11. This may be increased to any extent that may be found necessary as shown'in Fig. 12 where there are three bars shown in the center of the 'beam near t-he bottom thereof.

'In -the form of the inventionv shown in' Figs. 8 to12 itmmay be necessary to provide 4additional ,means to take up the stresses in the floor slabs orbeams and this .may be done by lacing diagonal wires 64 and 65 through the beam as shown in Fig. 10. y Y

` Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letbars, other sets of studs adapt ters .Patent of nie United sintesis as foi-f lows, modifications within the f'scope of the claims being expressly reserved.

l. In an expanded metal structure, two studs connected by a series of expanded members, said -connecting members being entirely in the plane of the studs, and .a series of expanded .metal members extending in substantially parallel planes from `the 4studs, 'an d at right angles with the face-of the sheet of metal from which the structure has been expanded, as set forth..

2. In an expanded metal structure, 'two studs connected by .means of--a series of expanded members, expanded members extendc' ing substantially at rightnangles with the plane of the studs, and hooks connected with the last-.mentioned members and adapted to` l secure said members and studs to a second set of studs and members, as set forth.

Y3. In'` a means for securing metal plates one to another, a studmember, a hook adjacent said stud and having' its inner face sub- .st'a'ntially parallel therewith, a second hook' adjacent said stud andhaving its inner face at an acute angle therewith, the two hooks beingrsubstantially iny the same plane, as f 4. Inman expanded metal structure, a se-l.'

ries of metal studs connected b means of tobe con-l nected lwith the lirst sets, hollow forms adapted to be supported by the'metal structure, 'and needles to space the forms at given flizlzlnces from the vmetal structure, as set 5. I n an expanded metal structure, two' studding members, a series of expanded metal bars securing the two studstogether," 'y

said expanded bars being in the plane of 'the' two bars, otherexpanded metal plates ex-".

tending'in a direction substantially at right angles with the two studs, said expanded bars lying in a plane at right angles with tf'he 1sheet from which they are cut, as set ort.

6. In an expanded metal structure, two

studding members, a series of expanded metal bars connecting the studding members, like sets of studs and bars connected with the first set, forms outside the structure and secured thereto, and forms carried by the studding members Within the metal structure, as set forth.

y 7. In an expanded metal structure, two studding members, a series of expanded metal* bars connecting the two studding members, like sets of studs and bars connected with the lirst set forms within the metal structure, and means to space the forms at a 12 given distance from said metal structure,

substantially as set forth.

8. an expanded metal structure, two studding lmembers, a series of expanded metal bars connected with the studding members, 'forms outside the metal structure, forms inside the metal structure, means to space the forms at a given distance from the metal structure, said means consist- 5 ing of a`n`eedle having means to secure it to the metal structure and also having openings therein` whereby the forms-may be secured thereto, as set forth.

9. In an expanded metal structure, a se-v 10 ries of studs connected-by series of expanded bars said bars being bent in the plane of the metal of the studs, a `.series ofother expanded metal bars bent inplanes at right angles withthe plane ofsaid studs, and a'third 154 seriesr of lbars connecting the ends of the secondv series of bars and lying substantially parallel to the studs,vas set forth.

10. vIn an expanded metal structure, a series of studs, a series of bars connected with 20 the studs and lying in the plane thereof, a

studs, a series of expanded metal bars con-` necting the studs and lying in the `plane thereof, connecting bars lying in a plane at l30 right angles to the studs, and at one edge of each stud, and connectnghooks.. at the ends of each of said connecting bars, asset forth. y

In. testimony whereof I have set my hand this 18 day of January A. D. 1908, in the v35 I presence of the two subscribed-witnesses.

HAROLD FERRER. Witnesses:

C. P. GRIFFIN.' C.- SANDERS. 

